Description: This Washington state flag is gold with gold fringe. In the center is a circle with "The Seal of the State of Washington" in black letters. Inside the circle is a portrait of George Washington with the date "1889" underneath. The flag is made of nylon and measures 100 by 160. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H65507_001
Subjects: Ceremonial artifact; Communication artifacts; State Flags
Places: Washington
 

Description: Equipment made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, was used to build the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River in Washington state. Conveyors and other chain-driven equipment was sent from Columbus to the Grand Coulee Dam construction site, 1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01579
Subjects: Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio); Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Washington State
 

Description: Pulleys and sprockets made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio inside the factory, 1934. The round pulleys were probably to be used in a conveyor system. The parts were sent to the Grand Coulee Dam being built on the Columbia River in Washington state. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01555
Subjects: Machinery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: This operator is machining a gear at the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, 1934. The gear was sent to Washington state to be used in the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01556
Subjects: Machinery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: Belt idler rollers for a conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio inside the factory, 1934. They were sent to the construction site of the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River in Washington state. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01557
Subjects: Machinery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: Railroad car filled with apron conveyors made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, 1934. The conveyors were shipped to the construction site of the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River in Washington state. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01558
Subjects: Machinery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: Sketch of a female American Velvet Scoter, Okanogen County, Washington, December 10, 1895. by William L. Dawson 1873-1928). This pencil sketch includes a profile view of the duck's head and bill as well as an overhead view of the bill. A caption located on the lower left corner reads: "Female Am. Velvet Scoter, Showing encroachment of frontal feathers. Dec. 10, 1895. WLD." Dawson was an ornithologist and author of "The Birds of Ohio" (Columbus: Wheaton Publishing Company, 1903); "Birds of Washington" (Seattle: The Occidental Publishing Col, 1909), and "The Birds of California" ( San Diego: South Moulton Co., 1923, 4 vol.). Dawson was an alumnus of Oberlin College (1897, 1903) and Oberlin Theological Seminary (1899). He was an ordained minister who served as pastor of North Church, Columbus, Ohio, from 1900 to 1902. Circa 1904 he moved to Washington State, and later moved to California (1911?), where he was a co-founder and the director of the International Museum of Comparative Ooology, Santa Barbara (now the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History). Dawson founded Wheaton Publishing Co. (Columbus), Occidental Publishing Co. (Seattle), and Birds of California Publishing Company (Santa Barbara). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06066
Subjects: Dawson, William Leon, 1873-1928; Ornithologists; Cultural Ohio--Art and Artists
Places: Okanogen County (Washington)
 

Description: Drawing of herons alighting on piles in Okanogen County, Washington, by William L. Dawson. This pen-and-ink sketch of two herons includes the handwritten caption "Herons alighting on piles (see text)." Dawson was an ornithologist and author of "The Birds of Ohio" (Columbus: Wheaton Publishing Company, 1903); "Birds of Washington" (Seattle: The Occidental Publishing Col, 1909), and "The Birds of California" ( San Diego: South Moulton Co., 1923, 4 vol.). Dawson was an alumnus of Oberlin College (1897, 1903) and Oberlin Theological Seminary (1899). He was an ordained minister who served as pastor of North Church, Columbus, Ohio, from 1900 to 1902. Circa 1904 he moved to Washington State, and later moved to California (1911?), where he was a co-founder and the director of the International Museum of Comparative Oology, Santa Barbara (now the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History). Dawson founded Wheaton Publishing Co. (Columbus), Occidental Publishing Co. (Seattle), and Birds of California Publishing Company (Santa Barbara). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06067
Subjects: Dawson, William Leon, 1873-1928; Ornithologists; Ornithological illustration; Natural history illustration
Places: Okanogen County (Washington)
 

Description: Attached document reads: [PAGE 1] “To Americans the Washington Monument is the national symbol of Washington the city and Washington the man. As a landmark visible for miles by day, or by night when it is illuminated by brilliant floodlights, it is a fitting introduction to the Capital of the Nation. As a monument its simplicity of line and austere dignity make it an appropriate national memorial to the first President.” The actually building of this shaft has an interesting history for it was not completed until December 6, 1884, after more than a century of efforts made by vacillation, financial difficulties, political bickering, religious intolerance and even theft of the Monument itself. On August 7, 1783, even before the British troops had been evacuated from the erstwhile Colonies, Congress passed a resolution providing, “That an equestrian statue of George Washington be erected at the place where the resident of congress shall be established …. The statue should be supported upon a marble pedestal on which should be represented four principal events of the war which he commanded in person…” When L-Enfant drew up his plans for the Federal City in 1791 he included a place for the equestrian statue of Washington. The place is approximately the same spot upon which the monument was constructed. Washington, in his modesty, objected to any expenditure from the limited government resources, and the matter was dropped. After Washington’s death in December, 1799, John Marshall proposed a marble tomb. However, after two years of haggling, the appropriation failed to pass the Senate. Until 1848 nothing definite resulted from the several efforts made to raise funds for the monument [PAGE 2] In 1848, Congress granted the Washington National .Monument Society a site on public ground “not otherwide occupied.” On July 4, 1848, the cornerstone was laid with elaborate Masonic rites. Washington’s trowel, used in laying the cornerstone of the Capitol in 1793, was used by Grand Master French. George Winthrop, Speaker of the House, made the formal address. Contributions were made. Citizens of Alabam offered to quarry, cut, and dress a stone for the Memorial in lieu of a monetary donation. This plan was eagerly accepted by the Society and calls went out for contributions in kind. States, societies, fraternal orders, individuals, and even foreign powers sent appropriately inscribed stones. One block of marble from the Temple of Concord at Rome came as a gift of Pop Pius IX. All have been set in the inner walls of the shaft where visitors using the stairs may pause and read the memorial inscriptions --- all except one, the one sent by the Pope. A New anti-foreign, anti-catholic political organization, the American party, protested this “Papist” gift. When their complained were disregarded they resorted to violence. On the night of March 5, 1854, a band of masked men overpowered the night watchman at the Monument, and stole the disputed block of marble. It was never recovered. It is believed that the “Know Nothings,” as the members of the American Party were popularly called, smashed it with sledge hammers and dropped the fragments into the Potomac. This act of vandalism outraged the entire world, and donations of stones and money abruptly ceased. [PAGE 3] The monument became a political football in 1876. During this year the Centennial Exposition was held in Philadelphia. It had not been prospering as had been expected, and the Democratic House voted to meet in Independence Hall and re-enact the signing of the Declaration of Independence, hoping to stimulate interest in the exposition. The Republican Senate, pointing out that the House had been elected on an economy program now proposed to have a “grand jollification on public funds,” defeated the measure. Unhappily for the Republicans, the public took this move of the Senate as an unpatriotic gesture. The Senate then cast about for some means to redeem itself. The Washington Monument, bleak and unfinished, was there before their eyes. Senator Sherman hastily introduced a measure appropriated $100,000 to complete it, fully expecting that the Democratic House, smarting under the rebuke administered, would reject the bill. This the House would doubtless have done had not several astute members of the Monument Society appeared before the Appropriations Committee and pointed out the danger of drawing down public disapproval on the heads of the Democrats. Eventually the act was passed with an Appropriations Committee and pointed out the danger of drawing down public disapproval on the heads of the Democrats. Eventually the act was passed with an appropriation of $200,000 payable $50,000 a year for four years. The Senate passed the bill, which was approved, by President Grant on August 2, 1876. Work proceeded rapidly. On February 21, 1885, Robert Winthrop, who had delivered the formal address at the laying of the cornerstone 36 years before, dedicated the Washington Monument. On October 9, 1888, it was opened to the public. The Monument is 555 feet 5½ inches high. The elevator and a flight of 898 steps ascend to a chamber at the 500 foot level directly under the pyramidal cap. Paired windows in each wall open upon remarkable views of the city and countryside. [PAGE 4] Through the east window may be seen the Mall, the Constitution Avenue group of buildings, the Capitol, the Library of Congress, the House and Senate Office buildings, the Supreme Court Building, and the Union Station. To the south lies the waterfront of Washington, Potomac Park and River. To the west are the Army and Navy buildings, the reflecting pool, and the Lincoln Memorial. To the north are the White House, the State and Treasury buildings and to the northwest, beyond the principal residential section, the Washington Cathedral. The Monument is a hollow shaft, without decoration or embellishment other than the east entrance door and the paired windows on each side at the 500 foot level. The design is generally attributed to Robert Mills, but the present monument has little in common with Mill’s original plan The exterior blocks of marble are laid in 2 foot courses of regular ashlar, or squared stone, backed by rubble masonry, up to the 150 foot level, where government engineers begin their work. They substituted for the rubble masonry backing a solid wall of New England granite, which is carried to the 452 foot level, where through and through blocks of marble begin. At the 470 foot level the stone ribs of the pyramidion itself, starting at the 500 foot level, is composed of marble slabs 7 inches thick laid over the stone ribs. A 3,300 pound capstone secures the slab. The capstone is tipped with an aluminum pyramid 8 9/10 inches high, weighting 100 ounces, which is surrounded by 144 platinum-tipped lightning conductors. This, the largest and costliest solid block of aluminum cast up to that time, 1884, is inscribed on all four side – north, names of the members of the commission which completed the construction; west, important dates in the history of the Monument; south, the names of the technical staff; east, the Latin phrase, “Laus Deo.” View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_15_001
Subjects: Ohio State School for the Blind; Models; Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of a model of the United States Capitol Building. It was built for the Ohio State School for the Blind as a teaching tool. The dimensions are: length 43 1/2" x width 64 1/2" x height 25 1/2" The plan for the Capitol Building was selected by President George Washington and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson in 1793. President Washington presided over the laying of the cornerstone that year, and by the following year a part of the building was in use. The British burned the building during the War of 1812 and the restoration work was not completed until 1819. The Capitol Building is about 750 feet long and 375 feet wide. It rises 285 feet above the eastern plaza. A 20-foot statue entitle "Freedom" tops the building. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_061_001
Subjects: Models; United States--Capital and capitol--Designs and plans; Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education--Ohio--Columbus; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photographic reproduction of a cartoon produced in the April 9, 1905, issue of the Ohio State Journal shows Washington Gladden brandishing a sword and leading an army of foot soldiers towards an armed building. His soldiers carry a flag which reads "For God and Humanity" and the enemy sails a flag which reads "$$." Gladden was a prominent minister, local politician and social reformer in Ohio. In 1882, he became pastor of the First Congregational Church in Columbus, Ohio. Under his leadership, this church's congregation grew from 558 members in 1885 to 1,214 members by 1914. Gladden was a firm believer in the social gospel. He believed that all Christians must dedicate themselves to the mission of Jesus Christ, fighting corruption and greed, while doing all in their power to help their fellow neighbors. Many people shared these beliefs and they became known as Progressives, with Gladden being one of the movement's most prominent figures in Ohio during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. He served on the Columbus City Council from 1900-1902 and remained active in the public sphere after his time as councilman. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS87AVB103F06_01
Subjects: Gladden, Washington, 1836-1918; Cartoons; Clergy; Religion in Ohio; Social movements
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is an image of the shelter house at Fort Ancient State Park, located in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio. Built of stone, the open-air shelter has a pitched roof and an interior filled with picnic tables. Fort Ancient State Memorial is Ohio’s first state park. The Fort Ancient Earthworks are a series of earthen embankments that extend for more than three and one half miles around a high bluff along the Little Miami River in southwestern Ohio. Although it is called a "fort," it probably never served as a defensive work. Ditches are located inside the walls rather than outside as might be expected in a fortification. There are more than 60 gateways in the walls, making it difficult to defend the site against enemies. The Hopewell culture (100 B.C. to 500 A. D.) of prehistoric American Indian people constructed the earthworks. Later native residents built a village and a cemetery within the walls of the already ancient South Fort. Archaeologists mistakenly assumed that these villagers had built the earthen walls. It was called the Fort Ancient culture (1000 A.D. to 1650 A.D.) after the name of the site. This mistake has caused confusion for later students of Ohio archaeology. Recent excavations at Fort Ancient have discovered the remains of Hopewell culture houses and ceremonial features both inside and outside of the enclosure walls. It is not known whether the houses located inside the enclosure were occupied before or after the enclosure was built. It also has yet to be determined whether the houses were the dwellings of more or less full time residents, or the temporary shelters of visitors. The Fort Ancient Earthworks is an Ohio Historical Society site open to visitation. It is located seven miles southeast of Lebanon, in Warren County, Ohio. In addition to the earthworks, the site features a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. The Fort Ancient Earthworks site also is a National Historic Landmark. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08011
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)